5. General Insurance Lines and Risk Solutions

Introduction and Context

General insurance protects people, organisations, and public institutions against financial loss arising from identifiable risks other than the risks primarily associated with human life. It includes property, fire, marine, motor, liability, engineering, agriculture, aviation, commercial, catastrophe, cyber, and specialty insurance. These lines differ substantially in the nature of the insured interest, the causes of loss, the duration of exposure, the methods of underwriting, and the approaches used to settle claims.

The central task of general insurance is not simply to reimburse loss. It is to translate uncertain events into structured financial protection. This requires risk identification, valuation, policy design, pricing, accumulation control, claims management, reinsurance, and governance. A sound insurance solution must therefore answer several questions: What is exposed? Which perils can cause loss? What loss is transferred to the insurer? What remains with the insured? How much will the insurer pay? Under what conditions will payment be made?

For postgraduate insurance managers, the study of general insurance is especially important because commercial risks rarely fit within a single product. A manufacturing enterprise may require property damage, business interruption, machinery breakdown, product liability, marine cargo, cyber, environmental, and directors’ and officers’ covers. The manager must understand the interaction among these covers and avoid both gaps and unintended duplication.

Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter, the learner should be able to:

1. Explain the structure and purpose of major general insurance lines.

2. Distinguish between named-peril, all-risks, liability, and package policies.

3. Analyse perils, exclusions, deductibles, limits, conditions, and warranties.

4. Evaluate underwriting and claims issues in property, motor, marine, engineering, agricultural, aviation, cyber, and specialty risks.

5. Design integrated insurance solutions for commercial and institutional clients.

6. Assess catastrophe accumulation, reinsurance, technology, governance, and ethical issues.

7. Apply policy analysis to practical risk-management situations.

The Architecture of a General Insurance Contract

A general insurance policy normally contains the schedule, insuring clause, definitions, exclusions, conditions, endorsements, and claims provisions. The schedule identifies the insured, period of insurance, subject matter, limits, deductibles, premium, and relevant locations. The insuring clause states the insurer’s fundamental promise. Definitions determine how important terms such as “loss,” “occurrence,” “property,” or “pollution” are interpreted.

Coverage may be written on a named-peril or all-risks basis. A named-peril policy responds only to causes specifically listed, such as fire, lightning, storm, or theft. An all-risks policy generally covers accidental physical loss or damage unless excluded, subject to the wording and burden of proof applicable in the relevant jurisdiction. “All risks” does not mean every possible loss is covered. Wear and tear, inherent vice, deliberate acts, war, nuclear risks, gradual pollution, and other exclusions commonly remain outside cover.

Important policy mechanisms include:

• Sum insured or limit of liability: The maximum amount payable for a specified property, event, section, or policy period.
• Deductible or excess: The portion of each loss retained by the insured, encouraging loss prevention and reducing small claims.
• Sub-limit: A lower limit applying to a particular item or peril, such as theft of valuables, debris removal, or alternative accommodation.
• Waiting period: A time interval before benefits become payable, frequently used in business interruption and cyber policies.
• Co-insurance or average condition: A mechanism that reduces recovery where property is underinsured relative to its value.
• Indemnity period: The period for which an interruption-related loss may be measured.
• Retroactive date: The date from which a claims-made liability policy may respond to acts or circumstances.
• Occurrence and claims-made triggers: An occurrence policy is generally triggered by an event during the policy period; a claims-made policy is generally triggered by a claim made and reported according to its terms.

The principles of utmost good faith, insurable interest, indemnity, subrogation, contribution, and proximate cause remain important, although their precise legal operation differs across jurisdictions. Contract certainty requires that coverage, exclusions, limits, and claims procedures be sufficiently clear for the parties to understand their rights and obligations.

Property and Fire: Protecting Physical Assets and Income

Property insurance covers buildings, plant, machinery, stock, furniture, fixtures, electronic equipment, and other tangible assets. Fire insurance traditionally focused on fire and allied perils, but contemporary property programmes commonly combine fire, explosion, lightning, storm, flood, earthquake, impact, escape of water, theft, and other extensions.

Underwriting begins with the construction, occupancy, protection, and exposure characteristics of the premises. Construction concerns the materials used and the ability of the structure to resist fire or natural hazards. Occupancy considers the processes performed, combustible materials, heat sources, storage practices, and housekeeping. Protection includes alarms, sprinklers, fire brigades, security, and emergency response. Exposure concerns neighbouring premises, surrounding hazards, location, and access.

Valuation is a major source of dispute. Buildings may be insured on reinstatement value, market value, or an agreed-value basis. Machinery and stock require careful treatment because replacement cost, depreciated value, seasonal variation, and obsolescence may differ. Business interruption insurance addresses consequential financial loss following insured physical damage. It may cover lost gross profit, continuing expenses, increased cost of working, payroll, and additional expenses incurred to reduce interruption.

Business interruption analysis requires a realistic declaration of gross profit, an appropriate indemnity period, and an understanding of trends and dependencies. The indemnity period should allow sufficient time to repair, replace, recommission, restore supply chains, and regain customers. An interruption caused by damage to a supplier or utility may require contingent business interruption extensions and carefully defined dependent properties.

Common exclusions include deterioration, defective design, gradual pollution, war, cyber events unless endorsed, and consequential losses not expressly covered. Risk managers must also distinguish physical damage from loss of use, and direct damage from financial consequences.

Marine Insurance and the Movement of Goods

Marine insurance supports international and domestic trade by covering ships, cargo, freight, and related liabilities. Cargo insurance protects goods in transit by sea, air, road, rail, or multimodal routes. The insured interest may be exposed to collision, sinking, grounding, fire, theft, heavy weather, water damage, handling damage, and general average contributions.

Cargo conditions usually distinguish between broad, intermediate, and restricted cover. The scope depends on the policy wording and trade terms. Incoterms allocate responsibilities for transport, insurance, delivery, and risk transfer between buyers and sellers, but they do not themselves create an insurance contract. Marine underwriting considers the nature and packaging of goods, voyage, vessel, route, season, transhipment, security, and loss history.

A particular average is partial loss affecting the insured interest. General average arises when an extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made to preserve the common maritime adventure from danger. The resulting contribution is allocated among the interests saved, subject to applicable maritime rules and policy terms.

Marine policies commonly exclude ordinary wear, inherent vice, inadequate packing, delay, insolvency of carriers, and illegal trade, unless specially addressed. Documentation is critical: invoices, bills of lading, packing lists, survey reports, and notices to carriers may determine whether recovery is possible.

Motor Insurance: High-Frequency Personal and Commercial Risk

Motor insurance combines property, personal accident, and liability protection. Typical forms include third-party liability cover, own-damage cover, comprehensive cover, and fleet insurance. Third-party liability is often compulsory because road accidents create risks to the public. Own-damage insurance responds to accidental damage, theft, fire, flood, and other stated perils, subject to exclusions and deductibles.

Motor underwriting uses vehicle type, age, use, location, driver profile, claims history, mileage, security arrangements, and repair costs. Commercial fleets create additional concerns involving driver management, route risk, maintenance, loading, fatigue, and concentration of vehicles. Claims management depends on rapid notification, accident investigation, repair networks, salvage, fraud detection, and assessment of bodily injury.

Common exclusions include use outside the declared purpose, unlicensed or unauthorised driving, racing, deliberate damage, and mechanical breakdown unless separately insured. Telematics can support usage-based insurance by analysing distance, speed, braking, acceleration, time of driving, and location. However, data accuracy, privacy, consent, discrimination, and cybersecurity must be addressed.

Liability Insurance and the Transfer of Legal Responsibility

Liability insurance protects against legal obligations to compensate third parties for bodily injury, property damage, financial loss, or specified offences. Major forms include public liability, product liability, professional indemnity, employers’ liability or workers’ compensation, directors’ and officers’ liability, environmental liability, and cyber liability.

Liability policies require close analysis of the insured’s activities, contractual responsibilities, jurisdiction, limits, defence costs, aggregation, and trigger. Occurrence-based policies may respond to injury or damage occurring during the policy period. Claims-made policies require attention to the claims-made date, retroactive date, notification provisions, and continuity of cover. A change from one basis to another can create coverage gaps.

Product liability concerns harm caused by products after sale or supply. Professional indemnity responds to negligent acts, errors, omissions, or failures in professional services. Directors’ and officers’ insurance protects individuals and, in some forms, the organisation against claims alleging wrongful management acts. Contractual liability must be distinguished from liability that would exist independently of contract; many policies restrict assumed liability.

Liability underwriting is difficult because claims may emerge slowly, legal standards evolve, and court awards can be uncertain. Policy limits should reflect foreseeable severity rather than only historical frequency. Defence costs may be inside or outside the limit, a distinction with major financial consequences.

Engineering Insurance and Project Risk

Engineering insurance covers physical damage and liability associated with machinery, construction, erection, testing, and operation. Contractors’ all risks insurance covers construction projects, while erection all risks insurance addresses installation and commissioning of plant. Machinery breakdown insurance protects against sudden and unforeseen physical damage to operating equipment. Boiler and pressure-vessel insurance addresses specialised equipment and inspection risks.

Engineering underwriting requires technical understanding of design, contractors, project schedules, soil conditions, testing procedures, maintenance, safety systems, and values at risk. Construction risks change over time: excavation, foundation, structural work, installation, testing, commissioning, and handover each present different hazards. Delay in start-up cover may protect anticipated revenue or debt-service obligations following insured damage, but it requires robust project schedules and financial projections.

Exclusions commonly address defective design, gradual deterioration, faulty workmanship, and known defects, although resulting damage may be treated differently depending on policy wording. Risk surveys, permit systems, hot-work controls, contractor qualifications, inspection regimes, and business continuity planning are central to loss prevention.

Agriculture, Aviation, and Specialty Risks

Agricultural insurance responds to risks affecting crops, livestock, forestry, aquaculture, and farm assets. Crop insurance may cover named perils such as hail, storm, frost, or fire, or may use a multi-peril structure. Index insurance pays when an objective index, such as rainfall or temperature, crosses a defined threshold rather than after individual loss adjustment. Index products can reduce adjustment costs but may produce basis risk: the index may trigger without actual loss, or actual loss may occur without the index triggering.

Agricultural underwriting is affected by weather volatility, planting practices, irrigation, soil, disease, market prices, geographic concentration, and public policy. Moral hazard and adverse selection are significant, particularly where farm-level data are limited.

Aviation insurance covers hull damage, passenger and third-party liability, airport liability, war and terrorism extensions, and related operational risks. Aviation is characterised by high severity, technical complexity, international regulation, and reliance on specialist reinsurance. Underwriters assess aircraft type, age, maintenance, pilot qualifications, routes, operator experience, and storage arrangements.

Specialty insurance addresses risks that do not fit standard classes. Examples include fine art, political risk, trade credit, terrorism, kidnapping and ransom, environmental impairment, event cancellation, renewable energy, space risks, and reputational or parametric solutions. Specialty underwriting depends heavily on expert assessment, customised wording, aggregation analysis, and facultative reinsurance.

Commercial Packages and Integrated Risk Solutions

A commercial package policy combines several covers for an organisation, often including property damage, business interruption, theft, money, machinery breakdown, liability, and employee-related risks. Packaging can reduce administrative complexity and improve coordination, but it does not automatically eliminate gaps. Each section may have separate limits, deductibles, exclusions, territorial scopes, and claims triggers.

An effective risk solution follows a cycle:

1. Identify assets, activities, stakeholders, dependencies, and legal obligations.

2. Analyse frequency, severity, correlation, accumulation, and uncertainty.

3. Decide which risks should be avoided, reduced, retained, transferred, or financed.

4. Select policy structure, limits, deductibles, exclusions, endorsements, and insurers.

5. Implement prevention, monitoring, claims procedures, and continuity arrangements.

6. Review the programme after material changes, claims, acquisitions, or emerging threats.

Risk retention through deductibles, self-insured retentions, or captives may be efficient for predictable, high-frequency losses. Insurance is more valuable for low-frequency, high-severity events that could threaten solvency. Layered programmes divide capacity among insurers and reinsurers, while umbrella or excess liability policies provide additional limits above primary policies.

Catastrophe, Accumulation, and Reinsurance

Catastrophe risk involves events capable of producing many claims from one cause, such as earthquake, flood, cyclone, wildfire, pandemic, terrorism, or major cyber incidents. The insurer must evaluate not only the risk at one location but also accumulation across a city, region, industry, supply chain, or digital platform.

Catastrophe models estimate hazard, exposure, vulnerability, financial terms, and probable loss. Outputs such as occurrence exceedance probability and return-period loss support capital planning and reinsurance decisions, but models are not predictions. They contain assumptions about event frequency, damage functions, data quality, and policy conditions.

Reinsurance transfers part of an insurer’s risk to another insurer. Proportional reinsurance shares premiums and losses according to a percentage. Non-proportional reinsurance responds above a retention, as in excess-of-loss cover. Catastrophe excess-of-loss protection is designed for accumulations arising from one event. Facultative reinsurance is arranged for individual large or unusual risks; treaty reinsurance covers a defined portfolio.

Programme design must consider attachment points, limits, reinstatements, exclusions, counterparty security, basis risk, and claims cooperation. Poorly designed reinsurance can create false confidence if the original policy wording and reinsurance wording do not respond consistently.

Cyber Insurance and Digital Risk

Cyber insurance may cover incident response, forensic investigation, legal advice, notification, restoration of data, business interruption, cyber extortion, regulatory costs where insurable, and third-party liability. Underwriting increasingly examines multifactor authentication, privileged-access controls, patch management, endpoint detection, backups, segmentation, employee training, vendor oversight, and incident-response plans.

Cyber risk is difficult because one vulnerability can affect thousands of insureds, losses can accumulate across common software or cloud providers, and attack methods change rapidly. Policies require careful treatment of war, infrastructure failure, unencrypted data, contractual penalties, prior knowledge, social engineering, dependent business interruption, and bodily injury or property damage arising from a cyber event.

Technology improves underwriting through external attack-surface assessment, security questionnaires, continuous monitoring, claims analytics, and automated triage. It also introduces governance concerns. Insurers must avoid relying blindly on opaque scoring models, must protect sensitive security data, and should explain material underwriting decisions where possible.

Applied Case: Integrated Cover for a Food-Processing Enterprise

Background

Consider an illustrative company, FreshVale Foods, operating a processing plant, refrigerated warehouse, delivery fleet, online ordering platform, and network of agricultural suppliers. Its annual turnover is growing, but the company has experienced a small electrical fire, a refrigeration failure, and a ransomware incident at a supplier.

Situation and Problem

FreshVale’s existing policy covers fire damage to the plant but has a low business interruption limit, no clear supplier-dependency extension, and only basic motor liability. Its cyber policy excludes some contingent interruption losses. The board wants lower total risk without purchasing unlimited insurance.

Analysis

The risk manager maps the company’s assets and dependencies. Direct exposures include buildings, machinery, stock, vehicles, and computers. Indirect exposures include product spoilage, interruption of cold storage, supplier failure, regulatory investigation, product recall, bodily injury, and reputational damage. Concentration is significant because one plant supplies most regional customers.

The risk manager then distinguishes high-frequency losses from low-frequency severe events. Minor vehicle damage can be retained through deductibles, while a major fire, contamination event, cyber attack, or liability claim requires substantial transfer. Underinsurance is identified by comparing reinstatement values and realistic gross profit over a 24-month recovery period.

Approach and Solution

The recommended programme includes property damage on a reinstatement basis, machinery breakdown, stock and spoilage extensions, business interruption with an appropriate indemnity period, contingent business interruption for critical suppliers, product liability, product recall, commercial motor, employers’ liability where required, cyber cover with incident response and dependent business interruption, and environmental impairment cover for specified pollution risks.

The company raises deductibles for smaller property and motor losses, establishes a formal claims-notification protocol, improves electrical inspection and refrigeration redundancy, requires key suppliers to maintain cyber controls, and separates operational technology from office networks. Catastrophe and liability limits are reviewed using scenario analysis rather than only historical claims.

Outcome

The redesigned programme costs more in some sections but provides better alignment between limits and exposures. Retention of predictable minor losses reduces administrative claims. Improved controls satisfy underwriter requirements and reduce operational vulnerability. The board receives a coverage map showing insured, retained, excluded, and mitigated risks.

Learning Points

The case demonstrates that package insurance is effective only when based on enterprise-wide risk analysis. Business interruption is inseparable from operational dependencies. Cyber, property, liability, and supply-chain risks can interact, and policy coordination is as important as the purchase of individual covers.

Challenges, Governance, and Professional Practice

Common mistakes include using outdated asset values, selecting limits solely by premium, overlooking indemnity periods, failing to disclose material changes, assuming “all risks” means unlimited cover, and treating exclusions as standard across insurers. Claims may be prejudiced by late notification, inadequate evidence, unauthorised repairs, poor stock records, or failure to mitigate loss.

Ethical underwriting requires fair treatment, transparent communication, responsible use of data, and avoidance of discriminatory practices not justified by risk. Claims professionals should investigate rigorously but respectfully, distinguish fraud indicators from ordinary documentation weakness, and provide reasons for decisions. Brokers and risk managers must disclose material information, manage conflicts of interest, and avoid placing coverage that appears adequate but contains significant hidden gaps.

Regulatory expectations commonly address solvency, product governance, licensing, market conduct, consumer protection, data protection, outsourcing, complaint handling, and anti-money-laundering controls. Exact legal requirements vary by jurisdiction, so policy interpretation must be supported by applicable law and regulatory guidance.

Emerging Developments and Best Practices

Climate change is altering the frequency, severity, and geography of flood, wildfire, storm, and heat-related losses. Insurers are using climate scenarios, resilience information, parametric covers, risk engineering, and public-private arrangements to address protection gaps. Supply-chain disruption is encouraging contingent business interruption analysis and multi-tier supplier mapping.

Artificial intelligence is being applied to pricing, image-based motor claims, document extraction, fraud detection, catastrophe modelling, and portfolio monitoring. Its use should be accompanied by data validation, human oversight, bias testing, cybersecurity, model governance, and clear accountability.

Best practice in general insurance includes:

• maintaining a current asset and exposure register;
• matching limits to realistic maximum loss and recovery time;
• reviewing exclusions and endorsements at every renewal;
• using scenario and stress testing for severe events;
• coordinating primary insurance, excess layers, and reinsurance;
• documenting risk improvements and claims procedures;
• monitoring insurer financial strength and service quality; and
• treating insurance as part of enterprise risk management rather than as a standalone purchase.

Chapter Summary

General insurance converts uncertain property, liability, operational, transport, technological, and catastrophe risks into structured financial protection. Effective analysis requires attention to the insured interest, peril, trigger, valuation, limit, deductible, exclusion, condition, and claims process. Property and fire insurance protect physical assets and income; marine insurance supports trade; motor insurance combines liability and vehicle damage protection; liability insurance addresses legal responsibility; engineering insurance covers technical and project risks; agriculture, aviation, and specialty products respond to complex exposures.

Commercial package programmes can integrate several covers, but their success depends on careful mapping of gaps, overlaps, dependencies, and accumulations. Catastrophe modelling and reinsurance support capacity and solvency, while cyber insurance responds to rapidly changing digital threats. Professional insurance management also requires ethical conduct, regulatory compliance, reliable data, technological governance, and continual review as exposures evolve.

Key Terms

All-risks policy: A policy covering accidental loss or damage unless specifically excluded.

Business interruption: Financial loss arising from interruption of operations following an insured event.

Deductible: The amount of each covered loss retained by the insured.

Indemnity period: The period during which interruption losses are measured and payable.

Insurable interest: A legally or financially recognised interest in the subject matter of insurance.

Named peril: A peril expressly listed as covered by the policy.

Sub-limit: A limit lower than the main policy limit applying to a specified coverage.

Occurrence trigger: A coverage trigger based generally on when injury, damage, or loss occurs.

Claims-made trigger: A trigger based generally on when a claim is made and reported.

Retroactive date: The earliest date from which acts or events may be covered under a claims-made policy.

General average: A maritime contribution for extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure made to preserve a common venture.

Product liability: Liability for injury or damage caused by a supplied product.

Machinery breakdown: Sudden and unforeseen physical damage to operating machinery.

Contingent business interruption: Interruption loss caused by damage to a supplier, customer, utility, or other dependent property.

Catastrophe accumulation: Concentration of potential losses from one event across multiple insured risks.

Facultative reinsurance: Reinsurance negotiated for an individual risk.

Treaty reinsurance: Reinsurance applying automatically to a defined portfolio.

Parametric insurance: Insurance paying when a specified index or trigger reaches an agreed threshold.

Basis risk: The possibility that an index-based payment does not match the insured’s actual loss.

Self-insured retention: The loss amount retained by the insured before insurance responds.

Review Questions

Short Answer Questions

1. Distinguish between a named-peril policy and an all-risks policy.

2. Why is the indemnity period important in business interruption insurance?

3. What is the difference between occurrence and claims-made liability insurance?

4. Explain the purpose of a deductible.

5. What is basis risk in agricultural index insurance?

Long Answer Questions

1. Explain the principal components of a general insurance contract and their significance in claims settlement.

2. Discuss the underwriting and policy-design issues involved in property and business interruption insurance.

3. Analyse the role of liability insurance in protecting commercial organisations.

4. Explain catastrophe accumulation and the contribution of reinsurance to insurer solvency.

5. Discuss how a commercial package policy can be designed for a manufacturing enterprise.

Analytical / Application Questions

1. A factory has adequate fire insurance but suffers a six-month shutdown after damage to a critical overseas supplier. Identify the likely coverage issues and recommend improvements.

2. An insurer proposes a cyber policy with a low limit, broad war exclusion, and no dependent business interruption cover for a cloud-based retailer. Evaluate the proposal and identify the information required before acceptance.

3. A farming cooperative prefers rainfall index insurance to traditional crop insurance. Analyse the advantages, limitations, and basis-risk controls that should be considered.

22. Multiple Choice Questions with Answers

Question 1

Which policy feature most directly addresses the financial consequences of a prolonged shutdown after insured physical damage?

A. Motor third-party liability

B. Business interruption cover with an appropriate indemnity period

C. Marine general average cover

D. A claims-made retroactive date

Correct Answer: B. Business interruption cover with an appropriate indemnity period

Question 2

A claims-made liability policy requires particular attention to which combination of features?

A. Vehicle age and annual mileage

B. Construction type and sprinkler capacity

C. Claims-made date, retroactive date, and reporting requirements

D. Voyage route and cargo packaging

Correct Answer: C. Claims-made date, retroactive date, and reporting requirements

Question 3

Why can an all-risks property policy still fail to cover a particular loss?

A. All-risks policies never cover physical damage

B. The loss may fall within an exclusion or condition

C. The insured must prove that every possible peril was listed

D. All-risks policies apply only to liability claims

Correct Answer: B. The loss may fall within an exclusion or condition

Question 4

Which situation best illustrates basis risk?

A. A deductible reduces the insurer’s payment

B. A reinsurer declines a facultative placement

C. A rainfall index triggers payment although the farmer suffers little actual loss

D. A policy limit is increased at renewal

Correct Answer: C. A rainfall index triggers payment although the farmer suffers little actual loss

Question 5

What is the principal purpose of catastrophe excess-of-loss reinsurance?

A. To cover routine small claims automatically

B. To protect against accumulated losses from a major event above a retention

C. To replace all underwriting controls

D. To insure only one employee’s professional negligence

Correct Answer: B. To protect against accumulated losses from a major event above a retention

Question 6

A company’s supplier suffers a fire, causing the insured company to lose revenue despite no damage to its own premises. Which extension is most relevant?

A. Contingent business interruption

B. Personal accident insurance

C. Hull insurance

D. Money insurance

Correct Answer: A. Contingent business interruption

Question 7

Which underwriting factor is especially relevant to a commercial motor fleet?

A. Pilot licensing history

B. Driver management, maintenance, routes, and fatigue controls

C. Marine cargo packaging

D. Crop planting density only

Correct Answer: B. Driver management, maintenance, routes, and fatigue controls

Question 8

What is a major governance concern when artificial intelligence is used in insurance underwriting?

A. It eliminates the need for policy wording

B. It guarantees that catastrophe losses will not occur

C. Opaque models, biased data, and inadequate human oversight

D. It converts all claims-made policies into occurrence policies

Correct Answer: C. Opaque models, biased data, and inadequate human oversight

Question 9

Which statement best describes facultative reinsurance?

A. It applies automatically to every risk in a portfolio

B. It is negotiated for an individual large or unusual risk

C. It is compulsory motor insurance for third parties

D. It is a deductible paid by the policyholder

Correct Answer: B. It is negotiated for an individual large or unusual risk

Question 10

FreshVale Foods has low property values recorded, a short interruption period, and major dependence on one supplier. What is the most appropriate initial risk-management response?

A. Reduce all policy limits to lower premium

B. Map dependencies and update values, limits, and contingent interruption protection

C. Replace property insurance entirely with motor insurance

D. Ignore the supplier because it is not owned by FreshVale

Correct Answer: B. Map dependencies and update values, limits, and contingent interruption protection